Regular exercise reduces the risk for numerous chronic diseases. Exercise not only impacts the contracting skeletal muscle but also elicits systemic changes. The exact mechanisms driving the more systemic changes have yet to be resolved, but exercise factors are thought to be an important missing link. Exercise factors are proteins that are released from skeletal muscle into the circulation during exercise. They represent a subclass of myokines, which are classified as proteins secreted from skeletal muscle serving a signaling role. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on myokines. Many studies have focused on the identification of new myokines using a variety of approaches. These studies have generated an extensive list of myokines, but so far, the functional relevance of many of these novel myokines remains unclear. Few of these myokines represent putative exercise factors. Currently, IL-6, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, angiopoietin-like 4, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 have the highest potential to serve as exercise factors because for all these factors, there is clear evidence that plasma levels increase during exercise. In our view, the future focus should be on characterizing the functional role of myokines in the acute and chronic response to exercise and explore their potential as a target for metabolic diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-263699 | DOI Listing |
J Occup Environ Hyg
January 2025
Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
With mines extending deeper and rising surface temperatures, workers are exposed to hotter environments. This study aimed to characterize heat stress and strain in the Canadian mining industry and evaluate the utility of the Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI), combined with additional self-reported adverse health outcomes. An exploratory web-based survey was conducted among workers ( = 119) in the Canadian mining industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Form Res
January 2025
CIRCLE - Complex Intervention Research in Health and Care, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Ment Health
January 2025
Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Background: Prompts offer a promising strategy to promote client engagement in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT). However, if the prompts do not meet the needs of clients, they can potentially be more obtrusive rather than helpful.
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Acta Bioeng Biomech
June 2024
2Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia.
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January 2025
Institute for Applied Human Physiology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Purpose Of Review: In people living with kidney disease (KD) Fatigue is a whole-body tiredness that is not related to activity or exertion. Often self-reported, fatigue is a common and highly burdensome symptom, yet poorly defined and understood. While its mechanisms are complex, many fatigue-related factors may be altered by exercise and physical activity intervention.
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