Serum advanced glycation end products are associated with insulin resistance in male nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Recently, growing evidence has shown that AGEs could be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. It has also been suggested that circulating AGE are associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients. This study investigated whether serum AGEs levels are associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: A total of 139 male nondiabetic patients with OSA were recruited for participation in the study. Serum AGE levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR).

Results: There was a significant correlation between serum AGEs and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.281, p = 0.014), duration of SaO₂ < 90% (r = 0.267, p = 0.018), minimum SaO₂ (r = -0.188, p = 0.046), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.274, p = 0.012), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that serum AGEs (p = 0.011), AHI (p = 0.024), waist circumference (p = 0.040), and hsCRP (p = 0.046) were independently associated with HOMA-IR (R(2) = 0.392). In addition, the strength of the correlation between serum AGEs and HOMA-IR was related to the severity of OSA.

Conclusions: The present study indicated that serum AGE levels were associated with insulin resistance in male nondiabetic patients with OSA. These findings suggest that AGEs may play a role in insulin resistance in OSA and may also be a biomarker for patients with OSA with high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.