Two hundred and ninety-three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) admitted to the key hospital of the rural area of western Japan, Saga Prefectural Hospital, during 10 years since 1979 to 1988 were analysed retrospectively. The male to female ratio was 3.7 to 1 and the ratio of HBs-Ag positive to negative was 3.5 to 1. The peak of the age distribution was seventh decade. The incidence increased annually, especially in HBs-Ag negative males. Their past history of blood transfusion was considered as an etiology of HCC in 19 (9.9%). The HCC was diagnosed approximately 10 years earlier in habitual drinkers than non-habitual drinkers of both positive and negative HBs-Ag. The incidence of small tumors is associated with the past history of chronic liver disease, negativity of HBs-Ag, lack of symptoms and old age.
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