AI Article Synopsis
- The study explored how HIV status affects cognitive function in women, comparing it to various other factors like education and age.
- The research involved 1,521 women, with neuropsychological tests showing that HIV infection had a minimal impact on cognition overall, but specific areas like delayed memory were notably impacted in HIV-infected individuals.
- The findings highlighted that cognitive deficits are more pronounced in women with lower reading levels and those with severe HIV-related health issues, suggesting the need for further studies on cognitive differences between HIV-infected genders.
Article Abstract
Objective: In the largest cohort study of neuropsychological outcomes among HIV-infected women to date, we examined the association between HIV status and cognition in relation to other determinants of cognitive function (aim 1) and the pattern and magnitude of impairment across cognitive outcomes (aim 2).
Methods: From 2009 to 2011, 1,521 (1,019 HIV-infected) participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. We used multivariable regression on raw test scores for the first aim and normative regression-based analyses (t scores) for the second aim. The design was cross-sectional.
Results: The effect sizes for HIV status on cognition were very small, accounting for only 0.05 to 0.09 SD units. The effect of HIV status was smaller than that of years of education, age, race, income, and reading level. In adjusted analyses, HIV-infected women performed worse than uninfected women on verbal learning, delayed recall and recognition, and psychomotor speed and attention. The largest deficit was observed in delayed memory. The association of low reading level with cognition was greater in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected women. HIV biomarkers (CD4 count, history of AIDS-defining illness, viral load) were associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Conclusions: The effect of HIV on cognition in women is very small except among women with low reading level or HIV-related comorbidities. Direct comparisons of rates of impairment in well-matched groups of HIV-infected men and women are needed to evaluate possible sex differences in cognition.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335997 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001151 | DOI Listing |
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