AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how frictional granular materials can self-organize into various phases when subjected to cyclic shear.
- Using simulations, researchers developed a phase diagram that reveals different behaviors, including chaos, crystal formation, and unique disordered cycles where particles retrace their paths.
- The findings highlight a key distinction: cyclic states are disordered while ordered states exhibit chaotic behavior, demonstrating the complexity of these materials.
Article Abstract
The disordered static structure and chaotic dynamics of frictional granular matter has occupied scientists for centuries, yet there are few organizational principles or guiding rules for this highly hysteretic, dissipative material. We show that cyclic shear of a granular material leads to dynamic self-organization into several phases with different spatial and temporal order. Using numerical simulations, we present a phase diagram in strain-friction space that shows chaotic dispersion, crystal formation, vortex patterns, and most unusually a disordered phase in which each particle precisely retraces its unique path. However, the system is not reversible. Rather, the trajectory of each particle, and the entire frictional, many-degrees-of-freedom system, organizes itself into a limit cycle absorbing state. Of particular note is that fact that the cyclic states are spatially disordered, whereas the ordered states are chaotic.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291669 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413468112 | DOI Listing |
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