AI Article Synopsis
- Exosomes are tiny vesicles (30-100 nm) released by various cells, containing genetic material like mRNA and miRNA, facilitating communication between cells.
- These vesicles can effectively deliver therapeutic molecules across biological barriers (like the blood-brain barrier) without triggering immune responses, making them promising for drug delivery.
- The review explores exosome structure, their potential in disease diagnosis and treatment (especially cancer), and discusses challenges that must be overcome for clinical application in therapy.
Article Abstract
Exosomes are 30-100 nm bodies secreted from almost all types of cells into the extracellular spaces. They enclose in their lumen active genetic information in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), DNA and active peptides that are representative of the parental cell and can be isolated from different body fluids. Exosomes can participate in inter-cellular communication by trafficking molecules to their target cells. Because they can stably carry cargo including miRNA, mRNA, and proteins and can pass through stringent biological barriers (e.g., blood brain barrier) without eliciting an immune response, they are considered as an ideal acellular vehicle for drug delivery. In this review, we describe the structure and biogenesis of exosomes and new directions related to their role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially for cancer. We also discuss potential challenges associated with exosomes that should be addressed before exosome-based therapy can be applied to clinical settings.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523214666141224100612 | DOI Listing |
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