Transition-metal-free intramolecular radical silylation of 2-diphenylsilylbiaryls via base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) to give 9-silafluorenes is reported. 2-Diphenylsilylbiaryls are readily prepared, and cross dehydrogenative silylation occurs with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as a cheap stoichiometric oxidant in the presence of a small amount of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as an initiator. These cyclizations are catalyzed by the electron.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol503574k | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2023
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground-state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene , undergo base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl and biphenyl in an approximately 1:4 ratio as well as -xylene The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
July 2023
Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
ConspectusThe high energy barriers associated with the reaction chemistry of inert substrates can be overcome by employing redox-active photocatalysts. Research in this area has grown exponentially over the past decade, as transition metal photosensitizers have been shown to mediate challenging organic transformations. Critical for the advancement of photoredox catalysis is the discovery, development, and study of complexes based on earth-abundant metals that can replace and/or complement established noble-metal-based photosensitizers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
November 2021
Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
W(CNAr) (CNAr = arylisocyanide) photoreductants catalyze base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) of 1-(2-iodobenzyl)-pyrrole in deuterated benzene. Moderate to high efficiencies correlate with W(CNAr) excited-state reduction potentials upon one-photon 445 nm excitation, with 10 mol % loading of the most powerful photoreductants W(CNDipp) (CNDipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide) and W(CNDippPh) (CNDippPh = 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide) affording nearly complete conversion. Stern-Volmer quenching experiments indicated that catalysis is triggered by substrate reductive dehalogenation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
July 2021
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
The direct conversion of carboxylic acids into disulfides is described. The approach employs oxidative photocatalysis for base-promoted decarboxylation of the substrate, which yields an alkyl radical that reacts with a trisulfide dioxide through homolytic substitution. The trisulfide dioxides are easily prepared by a newly described approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2020
Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
The intumescent process of sodium (substituted) phenolates has been studied. The generation of hydrogen radical via a homolytic cleavage of the Ar-H bond and the subsequent hydroarylation of phenolates to cyclohexadienes along with cyclization and elimination reactions of cyclohexadienes are critical steps in the base promoted intumescence of phenols. The substituents show great influence on the intumescence of phenolates.
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