Nutrition support practitioners should be confident in their ability to recognize and treat various metabolic and respiratory disorders encountered in daily practice. A clinician's comprehension of the underlying physiologic processes and/or exogenous causes that occur during acid-base disorders is essential when making therapeutic decisions regarding fluids, parenteral nutrition, and electrolyte management. This invited review will discuss basic metabolic and respiratory disorders while briefly addressing mixed acid-base disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533614562842 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Griffin Hospital, Derby, USA.
Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂), a toxic alcohol commonly found in automotive antifreeze, de-icing solutions, and industrial coolants, can cause severe toxicity when ingested. Due to its sweet taste, it is often consumed accidentally or intentionally, leading to life-threatening consequences such as metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment with antidotes such as fomepizole or ethanol, combined with hemodialysis, are essential in preventing severe outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Transl Med
January 2025
Endocrinology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle responsible for protein quality control, including the folding, modification, and transport of proteins. When misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, it triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis. However, prolonged or excessive ERS can lead to apoptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
January 2025
Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Introduction: After the neonatal period Eimeriosis is one of the most common causes of large intestinal diarrhea in calves. In contrast to neonatal calves with diarrhea, there are very few reports about the clinicopathological alterations in affected animals, which are mainly based on experimental data. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize acid-base and related clinicopathologic alterations in calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea and to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Objective: To describe the acid-base balance of diabetic animals with ketosis and to identify underlying mechanisms of acid-base changes using semiquantitative analysis.
Design: Retrospective study.
Setting: University teaching hospital.
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background: Sterofundin (SF) is one of the most widely used electrolyte solutions in almost all areas of medicine, with particular importance in intensive care. It provides powerful correction of acid-base imbalances, ion fluctuations, and impaired energy metabolism, which are the three most important characteristics after myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether and how SF protects the heart from post-MI damage are largely unknown.
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