The thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface has had a major impact on the direct analysis of the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in complex biological media. This paper outlines the rapidity and power of the LC/MS approach, and shows how detailed structural information can be obtained without recourse to individual compound isolation. This provides a great saving in time and effort. The additional specificity of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted in identifying the sites of metabolic transformation. The ability to handle biological samples with little or no clean-up using wide high-performance liquid chromatographic gradients is a key feature of the success of this methodology.
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