We demonstrate that optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from arrays of noncentrosymmetric gold nanoparticles depends essentially on particle geometry. We prepare nanoparticles with different geometrical shapes (L and T) but similar wavelengths for the polarization-dependent plasmon resonances. In contrast to recent interpretations emphasizing resonances at the fundamental frequency, the T shape leads to stronger SHG when only one, instead of both, polarization component of the fundamental field is resonant. This is explained by the character of plasmon oscillations supported by the two shapes. Our numerical simulations for both linear and second-order responses display unprecedented agreement with measurements.
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