Methyl-directed site-specific DNA endonucleases (MD endonucleases) form a small group of enzymes which specifically cleave only methylated DNA. There are N6-methyladenine- and 5-methylcytosine-directed enzymes in this group. In spite of limited information on the MD endonucleases they are considered to be a very interesting subject for both fundamental investigations and practical use in biotechnology and epigenomics. In this review for the first time the data on properties of MD endonucleases are summarized in particular on substate specificity of these enzymes. The role of MD endonucleases in bacterial cells and the potential of their practical use are also discussed.
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