We study the N-step binary stationary ergodic Markov chain and analyze its differential entropy. Supposing that the correlations are weak we express the conditional probability function of the chain through the pair correlation function and represent the entropy as a functional of the pair correlator. Since the model uses the two-point correlators instead of the block probability, it makes it possible to calculate the entropy of strings at much longer distances than using standard methods. A fluctuation contribution to the entropy due to finiteness of random chains is examined. This contribution can be of the same order as its regular part even at the relatively short lengths of subsequences. A self-similar structure of entropy with respect to the decimation transformations is revealed for some specific forms of the pair correlation function. Application of the theory to the DNA sequence of the R3 chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster is presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.052106 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Orthop
January 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg Freiburg Germany.
Introduction: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main patellar stabilizer in low knee flexion degrees (0-30°). Isolated MPFL reconstruction (MPFLr) is therefore considered the gold standard of surgical procedures for low flexion patellofemoral instabilities (PFIs). Despite excellent clinical results, little is known about the effect of MPFLr on kinematic parameters (KPs) of the patellofemoral joint in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNetw Neurosci
December 2024
Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Measuring transient functional connectivity is an important challenge in electroencephalogram (EEG) research. Here, the rich potential for insightful, discriminative information of brain activity offered by high-temporal resolution is confounded by the inherent noise of the medium and the spurious nature of correlations computed over short temporal windows. We propose a methodology to overcome these problems called filter average short-term (FAST) functional connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTher Adv Reprod Health
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
Background: Chronic endometritis (CE), frequently asymptomatic, is associated with female infertility. Fallopian tube obstruction (FTO) is also one of the factors contributing to female infertility. More than 90% of cases of proximal FTO can be successfully treated after fallopian tubal recanalization (FTR) and the spontaneous pregnancy rate of treated women after FTR is only about 30%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; Institute of Nanoscience and Applications (INA), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Managing undesirable biofilms is a persistent challenge in water treatment and distribution systems. Although ultraviolet-light emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation, an emerging disinfection method with the chemical-free and emission-adjustable merits, has been widely reported effective to inactivate planktonic bacteria, few studies have examined its effects on biofilms. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the performance and mechanism of UV-LEDs on the prefabricated Escherichia coli (E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Biochem
December 2024
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:
Magnesium is an essential mineral in biological systems and has a significant impact on brain health. Its deficiency has been found to correlate with irregular metabolic processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. The objective of this research was to establish and validate an analytical approach based on the standard addition methodology for determining endogenous magnesium levels in the serum of autistic and healthy children.
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