Partial-volume effect correction in positron emission tomography brain scan image using super-resolution image reconstruction.

Objective: The partial-volume effect (PVE) is a consequence of limited (i.e. finite) spatial resolution. PVE can lead to quantitative underestimation of activity concentrations in reconstructed images, which may result in misinterpretation of positron emission tomography (PET) scan images, especially in the brain. The PVE becomes significant when the dimensions of a source region are less than two to three times the full width at half maximum spatial resolution of the imaging system. In the present study, the ability of super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction to compensate for PVE in PET was characterized.

Methods: The ability of SR image reconstruction technique to recover activity concentrations in small structures was evaluated by comparing images before and after image reconstruction in the NEMA/IEC phantom (Washington, DC), in the Hoffman brain phantom and in four human brain subjects (three normal subjects and one atrophic brain subject) in terms of apparent recovery coefficient (ARC) and percentage yield.

Results: Both the ARC and percentage yield are improved after SR implementation in NEMA/IEC phantom and Hoffman brain phantom. When tested in normal subjects, SR implementation can improve the intensity and justify SR efficiency to correct PVE.

Conclusion: SR algorithm can be used to effectively correct PVE in PET images.

Advances In Knowledge: The current research focused on brain PET scanning exclusively; future work will extend to whole-body imaging.