Commercial lipid emulsions and all-in-one mixtures for intravenous infusion - composition and physicochemical properties.

In the 20th century, the potential clinical application of lipid emulsions (LEs) for intravenous application was extensively studied, and this goal was eventually accomplished. The first safe LE for clinical use that was based on soybean oil was introduced in 1961. In the 1980s, LEs based on mixtures of soybean oil and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) were introduced. More recently, LEs combining various oils (soybean, MCT, fish and olive oils) have become available for safe clinical use in both acute care and long-term settings. This article focuses on the following essential aspects of the current formulations: (1) the basic physicochemical properties; (2) the relevant pharmacopoeial standards; and (3) important clinical issues to ensure their safe use in patients. LEs with a variety of chemical compositions are commercially available. They adhere to standards laid down in relevant pharmacopoeias, and they are safe to use. Different compositions may result in different functional properties.