AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Introduction: Kala-azar is a disease resulting from infection by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Most patients with the disease exhibit prolonged fever, wasting, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly without complications. However, some patients develop severe disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, bacterial infections, jaundice, and edema dyspnea, among other symptoms, followed by death. Among the parasite molecules that might influence the disease severity are the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-like proteins (MIF1 and MIF2) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (NAGT), which act in the first step of protein N-glycosylation. This study aimed to determine whether MIF1, MIF2 and NAGT are virulence factors for severe kala-azar.
Methods: To determine the parasite genotype in kala-azar patients from Northeastern Brazil, we sequenced the NAGT genes of L. infantum from 68 patients as well as the MIF1 and MIF2 genes from 76 different subjects with diverse clinical manifestations. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the fragments were sequenced, followed by polymorphism identification.
Results: The nucleotide sequencing of the 144 amplicons revealed the absence of genetic variability of the NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 genes between the isolates. The conservation of these genes suggests that the clinical variability of kala-azar does not depend upon these genes. Additionally, this conservation suggests that these genes may be critical for parasite survival.
Conclusions: NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 do not alter the severity of kala-azar. NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are highly conserved among different isolates of identical species and exhibit potential for use in phylogenetic inferences or molecular diagnosis.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0183-2014 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Unpacking Immune Modulation as a Site of Therapeutics Innovation for Nematode Parasite : A Temporal Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 2.
OMICS
March 2024
Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translational Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
Nematode infections are common in both humans and livestock, with major adverse planetary health and economic impacts. is a parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease that can lead to severe disability and deformity worldwide. For the long-term survival of the bancroftian parasites in the host, a complex immune invasion strategy is involved through immunomodulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimulated in vitro infant digestion and lipidomic analysis to explore how the milk fat globule membrane modulates fat digestion.
Food Chem
July 2024
Heilongjiang Beingmate Dairy Co., Ltd., 151400 Suihua, China.
We hypothesized that the addition of milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) to infant formula would improve its lipolysis, making it more similar to human milk (HM) and superior to commercial infant formula (CIF) in fat digestion. Therefore, we prepared two model infant formulas (MIFs) by adding MFGMs to dairy ingredients in different ways and compared their fat digestion behavior with those of HM and CIF. MFGMs were added alone (MIF1) and with other milk-based materials (MIF2) before homogenization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvolvement of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Lipedema.
Metabolites
October 2023
Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- - Lipedema is a chronic disorder mainly affecting women, often misdiagnosed, with unclear causes and recent research highlighting changes in macrophage behavior as a key factor in the condition.
- - A study examined the expressions of MIF-1 and MIF-2 proteins, as well as CD74 (a receptor for these proteins), in tissue samples from lipedema patients compared to matched controls, finding significant increases in MIF-1 and CD74 levels.
- - The findings suggest that the MIF protein family, particularly through the MIF-1-CD74 interaction, may play a crucial role in the development of lipedema, providing new insights into its underlying mechanisms.
Ciona robusta macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif1 and Mif2) genes are differentially regulated in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged pharynx.
J Fish Biol
September 2023
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Mif (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) gene expression in the pharynx (haemapoetic tissue) of Ciona robusta were investigated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH). To verify the induction of an inflammatory response in the pharynx, a qRT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the change in the expression of proinflammatory marker genes such as Mbl, Ptx-like, Tnf-α and Nf-kb, which were shown to be upregulated 1 h post LPS challenge. The change in the expression of the two Mif paralogs in the pharynx was assessed before and after stimulation, and qRT-PCR and ISH results showed that, although Mif2 and Mif2 were expressed in clusters of haemocytes in pharynx vessels, only Mif1 expression increased after LPS stimulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of MIF1/MIF2/CD74 interactions in bladder cancer.
J Pathol
January 2023
Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer. Genetic knockout of Mif1 in the validated N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) model of bladder cancer (BCa) resulted in stage arrest at non-muscle-invasive disease in prior studies. Small-molecule inhibition of MIF1 reduced cancer-associated outcomes, but it did not fully recapitulate genetic models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!