AI Article Synopsis
- Various Gram-negative bacteria in the oral cavity produce β-lactamases, which are enzymes that confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and they belong to different classes of the Ambler classification.
- The variability in β-lactam effectiveness is often linked to the presence of plasmids and mobile genetic elements that influence resistance gene expression.
- The oral cavity serves as a significant reservoir for β-lactam resistance genes, supported by mechanisms like genetic transformation and efflux pump overexpression, highlighting the role of commensal anaerobic bacteria in antibiotic resistance.
Article Abstract
Many β-lactamases have been described in various Gram-negative bacilli (Capnocytophaga, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, etc.) of the oral cavity, belonging to class A of the Ambler classification (CepA, CblA, CfxA, CSP-1 and TEM), class B (CfiA) or class D in Fusobacterium nucleatum (FUS-1). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of β-lactams are variable and this variation is often related to the presence of plasmids or other mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that modulate the expression of resistance genes. DNA persistence and bacterial promiscuity in oral biofilms also contribute to genetic transformation and conjugation in this particular microcosm. Overexpression of efflux pumps is facilitated because the encoding genes are located on MGEs, in some multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, similar to conjugative transposons harbouring genes encoding β-lactamases. All these facts lead us to consider the oral cavity as an important reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes and a privileged place for genetic exchange, especially in commensal strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.003 | DOI Listing |
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