Four rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were used to determine the ability of vermiculite to alter rumen fermentation, rumen fluid dilution rate, milk production, and nutrient utilization in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. Treatments consisted of 1) basal diet (70% concentrate:30% Eragrostis curvula hay), 2) basal + .6% NaHCO3 + 1.8% vermiculite, 3) basal + 1.2% NaHCO3, and 4) basal + 3.6% vermiculite. Feed intake and milk production were not affected, but the NaHCO3 treatments tended to increase milk fat production. The 1.2% NaHCO3 treatment increased rumen pH and fluid dilution rate, decreased molar percent propionate, and increased acetate:propionate ratio. Rumen NH3 N was not affected. Milk yield (kg/d) and milk fat (%) for the treatments were 1) 19.3, 3.33; 2) 19.4, 3.59; 3) 19.8, 3.62; and 4) 18.7, 3.32. Rumen fluid pH, dilution rate (%/h), and acetate:propionate ratio were 1) 5.75, 10.9, 2.08; 2) 5.89, 11.5, 2.16; 3) 5.95, 12.1, 2.38; and 4) 5.80, 11.6 and 1.82. Treatments had little effect on nutrient digestibilities and serum mineral concentrations. Vermiculite did not show any promise as a buffer but NaHCO3 proved to be an effective buffer in diets based on Eragrostis hay and 70% concentrate diets.
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Trop Anim Health Prod
January 2025
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University, 68 Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo, 111241, Egypt.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels panicum maximum without or with graded levels of spirulina supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability. The evaluation was achieved through an in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from adult sheep aged 2 years (fed clover hay), immediately after slaughter. Experimental diets were formulated as isonitrogenous and isocaloric and contained 40% forage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biol
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Background: The rumen fluke, Calicophoron daubneyi, is the major paramphistome species infecting ruminants within Europe. Adult flukes reside within the rumen where they are in direct contact with a unique collection of microorganisms. Here, we report a 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal
December 2024
Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel. Electronic address:
Use of desalinated seawater in arid and semiarid regions for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes is on the rise. Consequently, in those regions, drinking water offered to lactating cows has lower salinity and mineral concentrations than in the past. Although water with total dissolved solids (TDSs) of up to 1 000 ppm is considered safe for drinking, lower salinity level may affect rumen physiology, feed and water intake, or milk yield.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)
January 2025
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of black soldier fly larval oil (BSFO) on feed consumption, nutritional digestibility, ruminal characteristics and methane (CH) estimation in Thai-indigenous steers. Four male Thai native steers (Bos indicus) weighing 383 ± 9.0 kg were used in this investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
December 2024
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different storage times of the mixed inoculum on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial diversity, and community composition. The experiment was divided into five groups, with mixed inoculum composed of fresh rumen fluid and culture medium being stored at 39 °C for 0 h (H0), 12 h (H12), 24 h (H24), 36 h (H36), and 48 h (H48). After 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the fermentation fluid was collected to assess rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community composition.
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