The packaging of DNA into chromatin limits sequence accessibility, which affects all DNA-based processes including transcription. Indeed, the fundamental unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, presents a strong barrier to transcription in vitro. Since the discovery of the nucleosome barrier, the question of how the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) machinery overcomes nucleosomes at high speeds in vivo has remained a central question in chromatin biology. In this review, we discuss the nature of the nucleosomal barrier to transcription and highlight recent findings that provide new insights into the mechanism of transcription through nucleosomes.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2014.10.004 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Targeting the NF-κB p65-MMP28 axis: Wogonoside as a novel therapeutic agent for attenuating podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy.
Phytomedicine
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. Electronic address:
Background: Although recent progress provides mechanistic insights into diabetic nephropathy (DN), effective treatments remain scarce. DN, characterized by proteinuria and a progressive decline in renal function, primarily arises from podocyte injury, which impairs the glomerular filtration barrier. Wogonoside, a bioactive compound from the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, has not been explored for its role in DN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Underlying Mechanism of Weiling Decoction Alleviates Cold-Dampness Diarrhea Based on Network Pharmacology, Transcriptomics, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
: Cold-dampness diarrhea (CDD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by diarrhea and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Weiling decoction (WLD) is frequently used in clinical practice to treat CDD, a condition triggered by multiple factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofilm Formation, Modulation, and Transcriptomic Regulation Under Stress Conditions in sp.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
In nature, bacteria often form heterogeneous communities enclosed in a complex matrix known as biofilms. This extracellular matrix, produced by the microorganisms themselves, serves as the first barrier between the cells and the environment. It is composed mainly of water, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), lipids, proteins, and DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological Modulation of the Unfolded Protein Response as a Therapeutic Approach in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC509, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare T-cell malignancy characterized by inflamed and painful rash-like skin lesions that may affect large portions of the body's surface. Patients experience recurrent infections due to a compromised skin barrier and generalized immunodeficiency resulting from a dominant Th2 immune phenotype of CTCL cells. Given the role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in normal and malignant T-cell development, we investigated the impact of UPR-inducing drugs on the viability, transcriptional networks, and Th2 phenotype of CTCL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetoelectric Extracellular Vesicle Latency-Targeting (MELT) Nanotherapeutic for the Block-Lock-and-Kill HIV Eradication Strategy.
Biomedicines
January 2025
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes latent infections in cellular reservoirs, including microglia. HC69 cells, a microglial model of HIV latency, contain an HIV promoter long terminal repeat (LTR)-GFP reporter and were used for testing the efficacy of a two-step magnetoelectric nanoparticle (MENP) and extracellular vesicle (xEV) latency-targeting (MELT) nanotherapeutic. GFP expression in HC69 at rest is low (GFP), and upon exposure to LTR, transcription-activating agents (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!