A review of 1972 to 1988 publications is presented, as well the data obtained by the authors on the influence of second messengers and their intracellular receptors on neuron plasticity in the learning experimental models. The emphasis is laid on cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate; cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate, calcium ions and their intracellular receptor calmodulin, as well as on the metabolites of phosphoinositide exchange: inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate, 1,2-diacylglycerol and protein kinase C activated by the latter and arachidonic acid.
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