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Engineered ipilimumab variants that bind human and mouse CTLA-4.
MAbs
December 2025
Biotherapeutics and Genetic Medicine, AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Testing of candidate monoclonal antibody therapeutics in preclinical models is an essential step in drug development. Identification of antibody therapeutic candidates that bind their human targets and cross-react to mouse orthologs is often challenging, especially for targets with low sequence homology. In such cases, surrogate antibodies that bind mouse orthologs must be used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynchronized acoustic emission and high-speed imaging of cavitation-induced atomization: The role of shock waves.
Ultrason Sonochem
January 2025
School of Engineering Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
This study experimentally investigates the role of cavitation-induced shock waves in initiating and destabilizing capillary (surface) waves on a droplet surface, preceding atomization. Acoustic emissions and interfacial wave dynamics were simultaneously monitored in droplets of different liquids (water, isopropyl alcohol and glycerol), using a calibrated fiber-optic hydrophone and high-speed imaging. Spectral analysis of the hydrophone data revealed distinct subharmonic frequency peaks in the acoustic spectrum correlated with the wavelength of capillary waves, which were optically captured during the onset of atomization from the repetitive imploding bubbles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Proteomic Examination of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Across Colorectal Cancer Stages Uncovers Biological Insights That Potentially Improve Prognosis.
Cancers (Basel)
December 2024
Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Background: Recent advancements in understanding plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role in disease biology have provided additional unique insights into the study of Colorectal Cancer (CRC).
Methods: This study aimed to gain biological insights into disease progression from plasma-derived extracellular vesicle proteomic profiles of 80 patients (20 from each CRC stage I-IV) against 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls using a high-resolution SWATH-MS proteomics with a reproducible centrifugation method to isolate plasma EVs.
Results: We applied the High-Stringency Human Proteome Project (HPP) guidelines for SWATH-MS analysis, which refined our initial EV protein identification from 1362 proteins (10,993 peptides) to a more reliable and confident subset of 853 proteins (6231 peptides).
Oligometastatic Disease Is Not an Absolute Contraindication to Pelvic Exenteration in Selected Patients With Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum
December 2024
Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Background: The treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer has evolved dramatically in recent decades. As the boundaries of exenterative surgery continue to be pushed, one of the unanswered and controversial questions is the role of radical salvage surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer in the setting of oligometastatic disease.
Objective: To investigate the impact of synchronous or previously treated distant metastases on survival following pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer.
2-oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) as Oxygen Sensors: Their Importance in Health and Disease.
J Biochem
December 2024
Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Since low oxygen conditions below physiological levels, hypoxia, is associated with various diseases, it is crucial to understand the molecular basis behind cellular response to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been revealed to primarily orchestrate the hypoxia response at the transcription level and have continuously attracted great attention over the past three decades. In addition to these hypoxia-responsive effector proteins, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-OGDD) superfamily including prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHDs) and factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) have attracted even greater attention in recent years as factors that act as direct oxygen sensors due to their necessity of oxygen for the regulation of the expression and activity of the regulatory subunit of HIFs (HIF-α).
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