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Background: Studies have shown that tiotropium once daily reduces lung hyperinflation and dyspnea during exercise and improves exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. Mechanisms underlying the effects of the muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium on COPD have not been fully understood.
Objective: In this study, we investigated whether improvement in neural respiratory drive is responsible for reducing dyspnea during exercise and improving exercise tolerance in COPD.
Methods: Twenty subjects with severe COPD were randomized into two groups: no treatment (Control, n = 10, 63.6 ± 4.6 years, FEV1 29.6 ± 13.3%pred) or inhaled tiotropium 18 μg once daily for 1 month (n = 10, 66.5 ± 5.4 years, FEV1 33.0 ± 11.1%pred). All subjects were allowed to continue their daily medications other than anti-cholinergics during the study. Constant cycle exercise with 75% of maximal workload and spirometry were performed before and 1 month after treatment. Diaphragmatic EMG (EMGdi) and respiratory pressures were recorded with multifunctional esophageal catheter. Efficiency of neural respiratory drive, defined as the ratio of minute ventilation (VE) and diaphragmatic EMG (VE/EMGdi%max), was calculated. Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) was used for the evaluation of dyspnea before and after treatment.
Results: There was no significant difference in spirometry before and after treatment in both groups. Diaphragmatic EMG decreased significantly at rest (28.1 ± 10.9% vs. 22.6 ± 10.7%, P < 0.05) and mean efficiency of neural respiratory drive at the later stage of exercise increased (39.8 ± 2.9 vs. 45.2 ± 3.9, P < 0.01) after 1-month treatment with tiotropium. There were no remarkable changes in resting EMGdi and mean efficiency of neural respiratory drive post-treatment in control group. The score of mMRC decreased significantly (2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.05) after 1-month treatment with tiotropium, but without significantly difference in control group.
Conclusion: Tiotropium significantly reduces neural respiratory drive at rest and improves the efficiency of neural respiratory drive during exercise, which might account for the improvement in exercise tolerance in COPD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2014.11.003 | DOI Listing |
J Appl Microbiol
December 2024
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology.
Enteroviruses (EV) are a highly diverse group of viruses multiplying primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and/or the upper respiratory tract, initially distributed in two separate genera: Enterovirus and Rhinovirus, respectively. According to the similarities in genome organization and particle structure, rhinovirus species were later reclassified as also belonging to genus Enterovirus. Human EV infections are usually asymptomatic or causing mild clinical manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Sci Sleep
December 2024
Clinical Department of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is considered one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CIH can further lead to cognitive dysfunction by inducing processes such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The hippocampus is primarily associated with cognitive functions such as learning and memory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Womens Ment Health
December 2024
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Purpose: This study investigates the potential association between commonly prescribed psychotropic medications, such as Atypical Antipsychotics (AAs), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), and Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), and congenital anomalies in newborns. The analysis uses data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods: Spontaneously reported cases of congenital anomalies in newborns (under 28 days old) were extracted from the FAERS database, covering January 2004 to June 2023.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk
November 2024
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Background: The sensitivity of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is limited for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest computed tomography (CT) is reported to have high sensitivity; however, given the limited availability of chest CT during a pandemic, the assessment of more readily available imaging, such as chest radiographs, augmented by artificial intelligence may substitute for the detection of the features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Methods: We trained a deep convolutional neural network to detect SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using publicly available chest radiography imaging data including 8,851 normal, 6,045 pneumonia, and 200 COVID-19 pneumonia radiographs.
Biomaterials
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570100, China. Electronic address:
Selenium (Se) is incorporated into selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, which has biological functions associated with neural development. Unfortunately, the specific roles and mechanisms of selenoproteins at different stages of neuronal development are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we successfully established a neuronal model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-iNeuron) and used Se nanoparticles (SeNPs@LNT) with high bioavailability to intervene at different stages of neural development in iPSC-iNeuron model.
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