Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the APJ, a member of the G protein coupled receptors family. Apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in central nervous system and peripheral tissues, especially in heart, lung and kidney. Apelin plays important physiological and pathological roles in cardiovascular system, immune system, neuroprotection, etc. This article outlines the protective effect of apelin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Apelin could activate multiple protective mechanisms to prevent heart, brain, liver and kidney I/R injury. Apelin/APJ system may be a promising therapeutic target for ischemic and other related diseases.
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Apelin-13 inhibits ischemia-reperfusion mediated podocyte apoptosis by reducing m-TOR phosphorylation to enhance autophagy.
FASEB J
January 2025
Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China.
Podocytes are essential to maintain the normal filtration function of glomerular basement membrane, which could be injured by ischemia-reperfusion. As complicated function of autophagy in terminal differentiated podocytes, autophagy dysfunction might contribute to I/R induced renal dysfunction following glomerular filtration membrane (GFM) injuries. Meanwhile, apelin-13, an endogenous polypeptide, has been proved to be effective in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirculating apelin levels fail to link sarcopenia-related muscle parameters in older adults.
J Nutr Health Aging
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Based on the compelling experimental evidence supporting apelin's beneficial effects on muscle metabolism, our study aimed to evaluate the role of circulating apelin levels as a biomarker for muscle health in humans.
Methods: This investigation employed a cross-sectional design, encompassing 237 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years who underwent comprehensive geriatric evaluations in South Korea. Sarcopenia diagnosis was based on Asian-specific criteria, and serum apelin concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassay techniques.
Apelin-13 Ameliorates Sepsis-induced Brain Injury by Activating Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog-induced Putative Kinase 1/Parkin-mediated Mitophagy and Modulating Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Pyrin Domain-Containing 3-driven Pyroptosis in Rats.
J Physiol Investig
January 2025
Department of Emergency, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that often results in severe brain injury, primarily due to excessive inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Apelin-13, a bioactive peptide, in a rat model of sepsis-induced brain injury (SBI). Specifically, we examined the role of Apelin-13 in regulating mitophagy through the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway and its impact on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApelin deficiency exacerbates cardiac injury following infarction by accelerating cardiomyocyte ferroptosis.
Free Radic Res
December 2024
Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the Apelin receptor and is a critical protective effector in myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, these protective mechanisms are not fully understood. Ferroptosis is the major driving factor of MI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects and mechanisms of Apelin in treating central nervous system diseases.
Neuroscience
December 2024
Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address:
Apelin, an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be divided into such subtypes as Apelin-13, Apelin-17, and Apelin-36 as they have different amino acid structures. All Apelin is widely studied as an adipokine, showing a significant protective effect through regulating apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, inflammation, and other pathophysiological processes.
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