Papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in proliferation of epithelial cells and are implicated in several human malignancies. We determined the capability of activated macrophages to exert cytostatic and/or cytolytic activities against HPV type 16 DNA-transformed cells. Both NIH-3T3 and A31-3T3 cells transformed with HPV DNA were susceptible to killing by activated macrophages; however, transformed and nontransformed cells were not susceptible to killing by soluble mediators. The HPV-transformed cells were as resistant as their nontransformed counterparts to recombinant TNF-alpha. These data suggest that the killing of the HPV-16-transformed 3T3 cells by macrophages occurred by a mechanism independent of TNF-alpha.
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