A universal and consistent stage classification system, which describes the anatomic extent of a cancer, provides a foundation for communication and collaboration. Thymic epithelial malignancies have seen little progress, in part because of the lack of an official system. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group assembled a large retrospective database, a multispecialty international committee and carried out extensive analysis to develop proposals for the 8th edition of the stage classification manuals. This tumor, node, metastasis (TNM)-based system is applicable to all types of thymic epithelial malignancies. This article summarizes the proposed definitions of the T, N, and M components and describes how these are combined into stage groups. This represents a major step forward for thymic malignancies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000290 | DOI Listing |
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs
January 2025
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy.
Introduction: Severe asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by many pathomechanisms known as endotypes. Biological therapies targeting severe asthma endotypes have significantly improved the treatment of this disease, thus remarkably bettering patient quality of life.
Areas Covered: This review aims to describe current biological therapies for severe asthma, highlighting emerging ones.
Unlabelled: Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a transcription factor expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells, is required for shaping the self-antigen tolerant T cell receptor repertoire. Humans with mutations in suffer from Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1). Among many symptoms, men with APS-1 commonly experience testicular insufficiency and infertility, but the mechanisms causing infertility are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Control
January 2025
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Background: Thymic carcinoma is a rare tumor arising from the epithelial thymic tissue, yet among mediastinal tumors, it is the most common malignant entity. Thymic carcinoma often causes no symptoms and is incidentally discovered. Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended, particularly in cases of incomplete resection and for stages III and IV, based on current guidelines and existing literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPort J Card Thorac Vasc Surg
January 2025
Thoracic surgeon, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in surgery is expanding as the medical community started adopting it, with good results, for procedures with high risk of respiratory and hemodynamic instability. This technique provided the possibility to reduce the number of patients previously considered inoperable because of these limitations. Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare neoplastic mediastinal lesions, with a reported incidence of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Sci
January 2025
Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
The development of mesothelin (MSLN) epitope reactive T cells is observed in mice that are immunized with the MSLN vaccine. Engineered T cells expressing MSLN-reactive high-affinity TCR exhibit extraordinary therapeutic effects for invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a mouse model. However, the generation of MSLN-reactive T cells through the introduction of MSLN-deficient thymus and the transplantation of the latter as a cure for cancer treatment have not been tested to date.
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