Advancement of polarizable force field and its use for molecular modeling and design.

The most important requirement of biomolecular modeling is to deal with electrostatic energies. The electrostatic polarizability is an important part of electrostatic interaction for simulation systems. However, AMBER, CHARMM, OPLS, GROMOS, MMFF force fields etc. used in the past mostly apply fixed atomic center point charge to describe electrostatic energies, and are not sufficient for considering the influence of the electrostatic polarization. The emergence of polarizable force fields has solved this problem. In recent years, quickly developed polarizable force fields have involved a lot of fields. The chapter relating to polarizable force fields spread over several aspects. Firstly, we reviewed the history of the classical force fields and compared with polarizable force fields to elucidate the advancements of polarizable force fields. Secondly, it is introduced that the application of polarizable force fields to small molecules and biological macromolecules simulation, including molecular design. Finally, a brief development trend and perspective is given on rapidly growing polarizable force fields.