A major antiviral mechanism in plants is mediated by RNA silencing, which relies on the cleavage of viral dsRNA into virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) by DICER-like enzymes. Members of the Argonaute (AGO) family of endonucleases then use these vsiRNA as guides to target viral RNA. This can result in a phenomenon known as recovery, whereby the plant silences viral gene expression and recovers from viral symptoms. Endogenous mRNAs can also be targeted by vsiRNAs in a phenomenon known as virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Although related to other RNA silencing mechanisms, it has not been established if recovery and VIGS are mediated by the same molecular mechanisms. We used tobacco rattle virus (TRV) carrying a fragment of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene (TRV-PDS) or expressing green fluorescent protein (TRV-GFP) as readouts for VIGS and recovery, respectively, in Arabidopsis ago mutants. Our results demonstrated roles for AGO2 and AGO4 in susceptibility to TRV, whereas VIGS of endogenous genes appeared to be largely mediated by AGO1. However, recovery appeared to be mediated by different components, as all the aforementioned mutants were able to recover from TRV-GFP inoculation. TRV RNAs from recovered plants associated less with ribosomes, suggesting that recovery involves translational repression of viral transcripts. Translationally repressed RNAs often accumulate in RNA processing bodies (PBs), where they are eventually processed by decapping enzymes. Consistent with this, we found that viral recovery induced increased PB formation and that a decapping mutant (DCP2) showed increased VIGS and virus RNA accumulation, indicating an important role for PBs in eliminating viral RNA.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru447 | DOI Listing |
Methods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden.
RNA silencing is a core cellular process that acts to defend the genome against potentially damaging genetic elements such as viruses and transposons. It has been extensively characterized in many eukaryotes and exploited as a tool for determining gene function through removing the activity of specific genes. It has also been used in Phytophthora species to reveal genes involved in different lifecycle stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeroscience
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Center for Aging Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is widely used in the clinical treatment of depression. While several antidepressants show promise as geroprotectors, the role of paroxetine in aging remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the lifespan extension effect of paroxetine in Caenorhabditis elegans (C.
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Department of Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 3 Chongwenmennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a redox-sensitive transcriptional factor that enables cells to resist oxidant responses, ferroptosis and inflammation. Here, we set out to probe the effects of NRF2 on cardiomyocyte injury under acute myocardial infarction (AMI) condition and its potential mechanism. Human cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to induce cell injury.
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Department of Biology, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
The barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) uses its genomic RNA components (alpha, beta, and gamma) as an efficient method for studying gene functions. It is a newly developed method that utilizes gene transcript suppression to determine the role of plant genes. BSMV derived from virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is capable of infecting various key farming crops like barley, wheat, rice, corn, and oats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoncoding RNA
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
The Journal Editorial Board Members would like to congratulate Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun, who were jointly awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discovery of microRNAs and the role of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation, uncovering a previously unknown layer of gene control in eukaryotes [...
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