Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 complex by C4 was previously shown to reduce tumor growth alone and synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents in animal tumor models. Single and multiple dose IV and oral dosing studies were performed in dogs to determine C4 pharmacokinetics. C4 was administered to 4 dogs at 1.25 or 2.50 mg/kg IV, or 7.50 mg/kg oral gavage. Single- (IV and oral) and multiple- (IV) dose pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1 and 3 at pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 120, 144, and 168 h post-dose. C4 concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectral detection with a limit of quantitation of 2.50 pg/mL. Pharmacokinetics of C4 was characterized by a 3-compartment model with linear distributional and elimination clearances using Phoenix 64 WinNonlin 6.3. Mean C4 plasma concentration-time profiles revealed a triexponential decline following either IV or oral administration, independent of dose with no accumulation. For the 2.5 mg/kg dose, the median half-life was ~21 h. Median C max and area under the curve (AUC0-24) were similar for days 1 and 3. Oral bioavailability for formulations of PBS, TPGS, Maalox(®), and Pepcid(®) was greatest with TPGS (45 %), followed by Maalox(®) (42 %), Pepcid(®) (37 %), and PBS (30 %). The pharmacokinetic study revealed that C4 has linear pharmacokinetics and does not accumulate following multiple-dose administration. Characterization of C4 pharmacokinetics provides a better understanding of the novel targeted agent, which will help facilitate further development of C4.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13318-014-0233-6 | DOI Listing |
J Avian Med Surg
January 2025
Ennetseeklinik für Kleintiere, Exotic Pet Department, 6331 Hünenberg, Zug, Switzerland.
A captive, 1-year-old, male Eurasian goshawk () weighing 0.85 kg and owned by a falconer was presented with a history of acute onset of weakness, dyspnea, diarrhea, and regurgitation of a fresh-thawed pigeon contaminated with acetamiprid, an insecticide used in the raptor enclosure. The raptor had eaten the contaminated pigeon approximately 10-12 hours earlier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Avian Med Surg
January 2025
Pathology and Wildlife Laboratory, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, 69920-900, Brazil.
Psittaciformes kept as pets can serve as reservoirs of various microorganisms, many of which have zoonotic potential, including spp. In this study, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of 16 spp. isolated from the oral and cloacal cavities of 20 pet parrots were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Avian Med Surg
January 2025
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
The antipsychotic medication haloperidol has been used for many years in avian medicine as a pharmacologic therapy for refractory feather destructive behavior in pet parrots. However, despite its common use, there are no published studies evaluating its efficacy and adverse effects in psittacine birds. The goal of this study was to report the signalment, clinical presentation, dosing regimen, response to therapy, and adverse effects of companion psittacine birds prescribed oral haloperidol therapy at a single veterinary referral hospital.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Avian Med Surg
January 2025
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Zoological Medicine), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA,
Weight loss and decreased appetite are commonly encountered sequela of disease and stress in avian patients. However, there is currently minimal information in the veterinary literature regarding appetite stimulation in birds. Capromorelin is a potent agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and increases food consumption via direct stimulation of the hunger centers of the hypothalamus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytotherapy
December 2024
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China. Electronic address:
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of combining allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) with autologous concentrated growth factors (CGF) to enhance the repair of mandibular defects in rabbits.
Methods: Rabbit ADSCs were characterized using flow cytometry, identifying CD73, CD90, and CD105 as surface markers, while Alizarin Red Staining confirmed osteogenic differentiation, showing substantial mineralized deposits by day 21. A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: BLANK (control group), CGF, ADSCs, and ADSCs/CGF.
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