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Host-specific parvovirus evolution in nature is recapitulated by in vitro adaptation to different carnivore species. | LitMetric

Host-specific parvovirus evolution in nature is recapitulated by in vitro adaptation to different carnivore species.

PLoS Pathog

Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.

Published: November 2014

AI Article Synopsis

  • Canine parvovirus (CPV), identified as a significant threat to dogs since the 1970s, is closely related to the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and shows a high prevalence in wild carnivore populations.
  • Research indicates that CPV adapts to different hosts through specific mutations in its capsid proteins that enhance its ability to bind to host receptors, leading to increased fitness advantages.
  • The evolutionary history and the genetic makeup of CPV greatly influence its host range, as demonstrated by variations in receptor structure and its ability to infect various carnivore species with differing mutational patterns.

Article Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) emerged as a new pandemic pathogen of dogs in the 1970s and is closely related to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a parvovirus of cats and related carnivores. Although both viruses have wide host ranges, analysis of viral sequences recovered from different wild carnivore species, as shown here, demonstrated that>95% were derived from CPV-like viruses, suggesting that CPV is dominant in sylvatic cycles. Many viral sequences showed host-specific mutations in their capsid proteins, which were often close to sites known to control binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR), the host receptor for these carnivore parvoviruses, and which exhibited frequent parallel evolution. To further examine the process of host adaptation, we passaged parvoviruses with alternative backgrounds in cells from different carnivore hosts. Specific mutations were selected in several viruses and these differed depending on both the background of the virus and the host cells in which they were passaged. Strikingly, these in vitro mutations recapitulated many specific changes seen in viruses from natural populations, strongly suggesting they are host adaptive, and which were shown to result in fitness advantages over their parental virus. Comparison of the sequences of the transferrin receptors of the different carnivore species demonstrated that many mutations occurred in and around the apical domain where the virus binds, indicating that viral variants were likely selected through their fit to receptor structures. Some of the viruses accumulated high levels of variation upon passage in alternative hosts, while others could infect multiple different hosts with no or only a few additional mutations. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the evolutionary history of a virus, including how long it has been circulating and in which hosts, as well as its phylogenetic background, has a profound effect on determining viral host range.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4223063PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004475DOI Listing

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