Older adults (OAs) are more likely to falsely recognize novel events than young adults, and recent behavioral and neuroimaging evidence points to a reduced ability to distinguish overlapping information due to decline in hippocampal pattern separation. However, other data suggest a critical role for semantic similarity. Koutstaal et al. [(2003) false recognition of abstract vs. common objects in older and younger adults: testing the semantic categorization account, J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. 29, 499-510] reported that OAs were only vulnerable to false recognition of items with pre-existing semantic representations. We replicated Koutstaal et al.'s (2003) second experiment and examined the influence of independently rated perceptual and conceptual similarity between stimuli and lures. At study, young and OAs judged the pleasantness of pictures of abstract (unfamiliar) and concrete (familiar) items, followed by a surprise recognition test including studied items, similar lures, and novel unrelated items. Experiment 1 used dichotomous "old/new" responses at test, while in Experiment 2 participants were also asked to judge lures as "similar," to increase explicit demands on pattern separation. In both experiments, OAs showed a greater increase in false recognition for concrete than abstract items relative to the young, replicating Koutstaal et al.'s (2003) findings. However, unlike in the earlier study, there was also an age-related increase in false recognition of abstract lures when multiple similar images had been studied. In line with pattern separation accounts of false recognition, OAs were more likely to misclassify concrete lures with high and moderate, but not low degrees of rated similarity to studied items. Results are consistent with the view that OAs are particularly susceptible to semantic interference in recognition memory, and with the possibility that this reflects age-related decline in pattern separation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00283 | DOI Listing |
Talanta
December 2024
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China. Electronic address:
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a crucial factor that poses a significant threat to human health. DILI process leads to the changes of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species content in cells, which leads to oxidative and nitrosative stress in cells. However, the high reactivity of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), combined with a lack of in situ imaging techniques, has hindered a detailed understanding of their roles in DILI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn sensory perception, stochastic resonance (SR) refers to the application of noise to enhance information transfer, allowing for the sensing of lower-level stimuli. Previously, subjective-assessments identified SR in vestibular perceptual thresholds, assessed using a standard two alternative (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
December 2024
The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Tea leaf diseases are significant causes of reduced quality and yield in tea production. In the Yunnan region, where the climate is suitable for tea cultivation, tea leaf diseases are small, scattered, and vary in scale, making their detection challenging due to complex backgrounds and issues such as occlusion, overlap, and lighting variations. Existing object detection models often struggle to achieve high accuracy in detecting tea leaf diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Inform Decis Mak
December 2024
Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
Background: Automated recognition and redaction of personal identifiers in free text can enable organisations to share data while protecting privacy. This is important in the context of pharmacovigilance since relevant detailed information on the clinical course of events, differential diagnosis, and patient-reported reflections may often only be conveyed in narrative form. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a method for automated redaction of person names in English narrative text on adverse event reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMikrochim Acta
December 2024
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose serious threats to environmental and public health, and monitoring ARGs in wastewater is a growing need because wastewater is an important source. Microfluidic devices can integrate basic functional units involved in sample assays on a small chip, through the precise control and manipulation of micro/nanofluids in micro/nanoscale spaces, demonstrating the great potential of ARGs detection in wastewater. Here, we (1) summarize the state of the art in microfluidics for recognizing ARGs, (2) determine the strengths and weaknesses of portable microfluidic chips, and (3) assess the potential of portable microfluidic chips to detect ARGs in wastewater.
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