The effects of intimacy and target sex on direct aggression: further evidence.

The effects on aggression of target sex and relationship with the target were investigated using self-report data. One hundred and seventy-four participants (115 female) reported on acts of direct aggression in the last 2 years toward intimate partners, known and unknown same-sex targets, and known and unknown opposite-sex targets. Women's self-reported aggression was higher toward partners than other targets, replicating previous findings regarding women's intimate partner aggression. Women's aggression was consistently higher toward same-sex than opposite-sex targets, but the effect of knowing the target was inconsistent. Men's self-reported aggression was more frequent toward same-sex than opposite-sex targets-including intimate partners-and more frequent toward known than unknown targets. Results are discussed with reference to a partner-specific reduction in women's fear, and sex differences in threshold for classifying someone as "known well." Limitations of the present sample and suggestions for future work are discussed.