A power conversion efficiency of 10.4% is demonstrated in planar CH3 NH3 PbBr3 hybrid solar cells without hysteresis of the J-V curve, by way of controlled crystallization in the spin-coating process. The high efficiency is attributed to the formation of a dense CH3 NH3 PbBr3 thin film by the introduction of HBr solution because the HBr increases the solubility of the CH3 NH3 PbBr3 and forms a thinner CH3 NH3 PbBr3 layer with full surface coverage.
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