The mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates have been exposed to similar evolutionary pressures for millions of years. In terrestrial vertebrates such as birds and mammals, the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents a first line of immune defence. Here we propose that NALT is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system not restricted to terrestrial vertebrates. We find that NALT is present in rainbow trout and that it resembles other teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Trout NALT consists of diffuse lymphoid cells and lacks tonsils and adenoids. The predominant B-cell subset found in trout NALT are IgT(+) B cells, similar to skin and gut. The trout olfactory organ is colonized by abundant symbiotic bacteria, which are coated by trout secretory immunoglobulin. Trout NALT is capable of mounting strong anti-viral immune responses following nasal delivery of a live attenuated viral vaccine. Our results open up a new tool for the control of aquatic infectious diseases via nasal vaccination.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321879 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6205 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Ontogeny of the organized nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue in rainbow trout.
Dev Comp Immunol
January 2025
Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. Electronic address:
Understanding the ontogeny of teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) is critical for determining the earliest timepoint for effective mucosal vaccination of young fish. Here, we describe the developmental sequence that leads to the formation of an organized MALT structure in rainbow trout, the organized nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (O-NALT). Control rainbow trout were sampled between 340 and 1860 degree days (DD) and routine histology and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine cellular changes in immune cells in the nasal cavity as well as O-NALT formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Novel Organized Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Teleosts That Expresses Molecular Markers Characteristic of Mammalian Germinal Centers.
J Immunol
December 2022
Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
Nasal immunity is an ancient and conserved arm of the mucosal immune system in vertebrates. In teleost fish, we previously reported the presence of a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) characterized by scattered immune cells located in the trout olfactory lamellae. This diffuse NALT mounts innate and adaptive immune responses to nasal infection or vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIgT Plays a Predominant Role in the Antibacterial Immunity of Rainbow Trout Olfactory Organs.
Front Immunol
June 2021
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
The olfactory organs (OOs) of vertebrates play important roles in their extraordinary chemosensory capacity, a process during which they are continuously exposed to environmental pathogens. Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) contains B cells and immunoglobulins (Igs), which function as the first defense line against antigens in mammals and also exist in teleosts. However, the immune responses of teleost NALT B cells and Igs during bacterial infection remain largely uncharacterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccination Route Determines the Kinetics and Magnitude of Nasal Innate Immune Responses in Rainbow Trout ().
Biology (Basel)
October 2020
Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Many pathogens infect animal hosts via the nasal route. Thus, understanding how vaccination stimulates early nasal immune responses is critical for animal and human health. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent disease outbreaks in farmed fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNasal Vaccination Drives Modifications of Nasal and Systemic Antibody Repertoires in Rainbow Trout.
J Immunol
September 2019
Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
Bony fish represent the most basal vertebrate branch with a dedicated mucosal immune system, which comprises immunologically heterogeneous microenvironments armed with innate and adaptive components. In rainbow trout (), a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was recently described as a diffuse network of myeloid and lymphoid cells located in the olfactory organ of fish. Several studies have demonstrated high levels of protection conferred by nasal vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed protection are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!