Psychosurgery, a subspecialty of functional neurosurgery, has been used in the treatment of psychiatric illness, intractable pain, and, controversially, as ameans to control and modify violent human behavior. Prefrontal lobotomy, a procedure developed in the 20th century, arose as a result of pioneering research, includingwork done atYaleUniversity in New Haven. Prominent clinicians throughout Connecticut contributed to the development of modern psychosurgery. Neuroethics or ethics of neuroscience is essential to the study and practice ofpsychosurgery. New technology has provided improved accuracy with less morbidity. The progressive replacement of ablative procedures with deep-brain stimulation and restorative neurosurgery offers new perspectives in the treatment of some psychiatric conditions.
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The Legacy of Egas Moniz: Triumphs and Controversies in Medical Innovation.
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- António Egas Moniz was a pioneering Portuguese neurologist who developed cerebral angiography and the controversial prefrontal leucotomy (lobotomy), earning a Nobel Prize in 1949.
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António Egas Moniz: From pioneering brain imaging to controversial psychosurgery. A 150th birthday celebration.
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António Egas Moniz, born in 1874, was a pioneer in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry who brought about important changes in the 1920s using groundbreaking brain imaging techniques, such as cerebral angiography. This innovative procedure allowed the visualization of brain structures, leading to many advances in neurology and neurosurgery. Moniz also made noteworthy contributions to psychosurgery, including the development of prefrontal lobotomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhen Walter Freeman Came to Town: The Prefrontal Lobotomy at Rochester State Hospital.
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From the Neurologic Surgery (K.M.S.), and Neurocritical Care (E.F.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
In the United States, frontal lobe lesioning procedures have been uniformly linked to the neurologist Walter Freeman, although the prefrontal lobotomy was investigated in other institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, Russia, Japan, and China, mostly in patients with psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or intractable pain syndromes. These procedures were based on earlier reports of improvement of psychiatric symptoms after surgical resection of frontal lobe tumors and led many to infer a causal relationship between frontal lobe dysfunction and abnormal behavior. Freeman first visited Rochester, MN, as a medical student in a gastrointestinal laboratory at the Mayo Clinic.
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