Background/aim: Ultra-orphan diseases (UODs) have been defined by a prevalence of less than 1 per 50,000 persons. However, little is known about budget impact of ultra-orphan drugs.
Methods: For analysis, the budget impact analysis (BIA) had a time horizon of 10 years (2012-2021) and a pan-European payer's perspective, based on prevalence data for UODs for which patented drugs are available and/or for which drugs are in clinical development.
Results: A total of 18 drugs under patent protection or orphan drug designation for non-oncological UODs were identified. Furthermore, 29 ultra-orphan drugs for non-oncological diseases under development that have the potential of reaching the market by 2021 were found. Total budget impact over 10 years was estimated to be €15,660 and €4965 million for approved and pipeline ultra-orphan drugs, respectively (total: €20,625 million).
Conclusion: The analysis does not support concerns regarding an uncontrolled growth in expenditures for drugs for UODs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.965156 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Glob Health
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a priority intervention for scale-up in countries with high HIV prevalence. Policymakers must decide how to optimise PrEP allocation to maximise health benefits within limited budgets. We assessed the health and economic impact of PrEP scale-up among different subgroups and regions in western Kenya.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address:
As a vital precursor of hydroxyl radicals (OH), atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in tropospheric chemistry and the production of secondary pollutants. However, knowledge of its sources remains insufficient. To comprehensively investigate the HONO chemistry in polluted cities and alleviate the O pollution, based on a comprehensive HONO-related field campaign in Zibo City, on the North China Plain, the parameterized formulas of additional HONO sources were validated in a box model (based on the default MCMv3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoeconomics
January 2025
Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Brussels, Belgium.
Background: Forecasting future public pharmaceutical expenditure is a challenge for healthcare payers, particularly owing to the unpredictability of new market introductions and their economic impact. No best-practice forecasting methods have been established so far. The literature distinguishes between the top-down approach, based on historical trends, and the bottom-up approach, using a combination of historical and horizon scanning data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Operative Gynecology, Federal State Budget Institution V. I. Kulakov Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
: The diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis should be based on the best available evidence. Emphasising the risk of bias, the pyramid of evidence has the double-blind, randomised controlled trial and its meta-analyses on top. After the grading of all evidence by a group of experts, clinical guidelines are formulated using well-defined rules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
The ability to track moisture content using soil moisture sensors in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) systems allows us to understand the system's water management capacity and recovery. Soil moisture sensors have been used to quantify infiltration and evapotranspiration in GSI practices both preceding, during, and following storm events. Although useful, soil-specific calibration is often needed for soil moisture sensors, as small measurement variations can result in misinterpretation of the water budget and associated GSI performance.
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