A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Molecular ultrasound imaging using contrast agents targeting endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and integrin. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study explored the expression of endoglin, αv integrin, and VEGFR2 in melanoma tumors using targeted, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in mice.
  • It found that endoglin levels were higher than αv integrin and VEGFR2, and that these levels dropped in mice treated with sorafenib, while they rose in control mice over time.
  • The research suggests that targeted ultrasound contrast agents can non-invasively monitor tumor angiogenesis, with endoglin being a potential biomarker for cancer detection and treatment effectiveness.

Article Abstract

Expression levels of endoglin, αv integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were investigated using targeted, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in murine melanoma tumor models. Microvasculature and expression levels of biomarkers were investigated using specific contrast agents conjugated with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. Ultrasound signal intensity from bound contrast agents was evaluated in two groups of mice: control mice and mice treated with sorafenib. Expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Endoglin biomarkers were more highly expressed than αv integrin and VEGFR2. Endoglin decreased in the sorafenib group, whereas it tended to increase with time in the control group. Targeted ultrasound contrast agents may be used for non-invasive longitudinal evaluation of tumor angiogenesis during tumor growth or therapeutic treatment in preclinical studies. Endoglin protein, which plays an important role in angiogenesis, seems to be a target of interest for detection of cancer and for prediction of therapeutic efficacy.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.06.014DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

contrast agents
16
expression levels
12
vascular endothelial
8
endothelial growth
8
growth factor
8
factor receptor
8
αv integrin
8
endoglin
5
molecular ultrasound
4
ultrasound imaging
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!