Objectives: In peripheral macrophages, tissue-type transglutaminase (TG2) is reported to be involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. However, the contribution of TG2 to microglial phagocytosis has not been investigated. In this study, using a microglial cell line, BV-2, we examined the changes in TG2 expression, phagocytosis and pinocytosis in cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methods: Cells of the mouse microglial cell line BV-2 were stimulated by LPS with or without cystamine, an inhibitor of TG enzyme activity, for 24 h. TG2 expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. TG activity was evaluated using biotinylated pentylamine as a substrate. Pinocytosis was determined by uptake of 1-µm fluorescent microbeads. Phagocytosis was assessed by uptake of dead cells, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were pretreated with H2O2 for 24 h.
Results: Phagocytosis of dead cells and pinocytosis of fluorescent microbeads were up-regulated by LPS stimulation together with TG2 expression. Blockade of TG enzyme activity by cystamine suppressed TG2 expression, phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
Conclusions: These results suggested that LPS-induced TG2 was involved in the mechanism of pinocytosis and phagocytosis in microglia.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000365484 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity.
Nature
January 2025
Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation and dopaminylation of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological Inhibition of Astrocytic Transglutaminase 2 Facilitates the Expression of a Neurosupportive Astrocyte Reactive Phenotype in Association with Increased Histone Acetylation.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 604, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Astrocytes play critical roles in supporting structural and metabolic homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). CNS injury leads to the development of a range of reactive phenotypes in astrocytes whose molecular determinants are poorly understood. Finding ways to modulate astrocytic injury responses and leverage a pro-recovery phenotype holds promise in treating CNS injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransglutaminase 2 inhibition ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and .
Cytojournal
November 2024
Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Objective: Macrophages perform vital functions in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) participates in fibrosis. Nevertheless, the role of TG2 in MI and mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization are unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular pathological characteristics and mechanisms of the liver in metabolic disease-susceptible transgenic pigs.
Life Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address:
Aims: This study aimed to explore the molecular pathological mechanisms of the liver in metabolic disease-susceptible transgenic pigs via multiomics analysis.
Materials And Methods: The triple-transgenic (PNPLA3-GIPR-hIAPP) pig model (TG pig) was successfully constructed in our laboratory via the CRISPR/Cas9 technique previously described. Wild-type (WT) pigs and TG pigs after 2 or 12 months of high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) induction (WT2, TG2, WT12, and TG12 groups, respectively) were used as materials.
Transglutaminase 2 is an RNA-binding protein: experimental verification and characterisation of a novel transglutaminase feature.
FEBS J
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a uniquely versatile protein with diverse catalytic activities, such as transglutaminase, protein disulfide isomerase, GTPase and protein kinase, and participates in several biological processes. According to information available in the RBP2GO database, TG2 can act as an RNA-binding protein (RBP). RBPs participate in posttranscriptional gene expression regulation, therefore influencing the function of RNA, whereas RNA molecules can also modulate the biological activity of RBPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!