Chemical straightening, also known as a relaxer, is ubiquitously used among African American women to obtain straighter hair compared with their natural tresses. This study focused on the stability of drugs of abuse in hair after a single application of the relaxer. Commercially available 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straightening products (Silk Elements™) were applied in vitro to drug-fortified hair (standard reference materials (SRM) 2379 and 2380) and hairs clipped from established drug users. Target analytes (cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BZE), cocaethylene (CE), phencyclidine and tetrahydrocannabinol) were isolated using solid-phase extraction and then analyzed with isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring. After either treatment, drug concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in both the SRM sample and the hair from authentic abusers. In the SRM groups, 6-67% of the original concentration remained after a single chemical treatment. Similarly, only 5-30% of the original concentration remained in authentic drug hairs that had formerly tested positive for COC, BZE and CE.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bku106 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Oxalate nephropathy associated with glyoxylate-containing hair-straightening products: a call for caution.
Kidney Int
December 2024
Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Recent reports have described acute kidney injury in otherwise healthy individuals after exposure to hair-straightening products. In this issue, Robert et al. help elucidate the underlying mechanisms in a murine model that replicates the human pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcceptability and Feasibility of Using Hair Samples for Chronic Stress Measurement Among Transgender Women in Brazil.
Brain Behav
November 2024
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Introduction: The ability to objectively measure chronic stress has important implications for research, prevention, and treatment. Cortisol is currently the most used biological marker in the investigation of stress and can be measured via blood, saliva, and urine; however, these methods have disadvantages. The measurement of cortisol in hair is a more recently developed method that quantifies the cumulative production of cortisol over longer periods of time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpontaneous assembly of condensate networks during the demixing of structured fluids.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2024
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Liquid-liquid phase separation, whereby two liquids spontaneously demix, is ubiquitous in industrial, environmental, and biological processes. While isotropic fluids are known to condense into spherical droplets in the binodal region, these dynamics are poorly understood for structured fluids. Here, we report the unique observation of condensate networks, which spontaneously assemble during the demixing of a mesogen from a solvent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHair-straightening cosmetics containing glyoxylic acid induce crystalline nephropathy.
Kidney Int
December 2024
INSERM UMR S 1155, Paris, France; Physiology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- A patient experienced acute kidney injury after using a Brazilian hair-straightening treatment that contained glyoxylic acid.
- Mouse studies revealed that glyoxylic acid significantly increased urine oxalate excretion and led to calcium oxalate nephropathy, raising concerns about its absorption through the skin.
- The findings suggest that cosmetic products with glyoxylic acid could cause kidney damage and recommend discontinuing their use while further research on the effects of these acids is needed.
Naoxintong capsule for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: from bench to bedside.
Front Pharmacol
June 2024
Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been broadly applied in China for more than 30 years. Over decades, accumulating evidences have proven satisfactory efficacy and safety of NXT in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). Studies have been conducted unceasingly, while this growing latest knowledge of NXT has not yet been interpreted properly and summarized comprehensively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!