Liver is the largest metabolic organ for a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds and plays a crucial part in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics through various metabolic reactions. This review provides a progressive description of hepatic metabolism of herbal drugs with respect to metabolic types and investigational methods. In addition, the problems encountered during the research process are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2014.960856 | DOI Listing |
Gut
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. MASLD encompasses a spectrum of liver disease and can be severe, with 10% of affected children presenting with advanced fibrosis. While biopsy remains the most accurate method for diagnosing and staging the disease, MRI proton density fat fraction and magnetic resonance elastography are the most reliable non-invasive measures for assessing steatosis and fibrosis, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Cardiovasc Med
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece; First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease, is an important and rising health issue with a link with atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), affecting ∼25-30% of the adults in the general population; in patients with diabetes, its prevalence culminates to ∼70%; its evolutive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is estimated to be the main cause of liver transplantation in the future. MASLD is a multisystem disease that affects, besides the liver, extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways; it raises the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), CVD, and chronic kidney disease; the disease may also progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Its diagnosis requires hepatic steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and the exclusion of both significant alcohol consumption and other competing causes of chronic liver disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquat Toxicol
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China. Electronic address:
The hepatotoxicity of microplastics (MPs) has garnered increasing attention, but their effects on elderly organisms remain inadequately characterized, particularly concerning hepatic stress response patterns in environmental conditions. In this study, a 10-day exposure period of elderly zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 1 µm) was conducted, with exposure concentrations set at 5.6 × 10 µg/L, 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th of October, Egypt.
Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Ca(OH)NPs) possess potent antimicrobial activities and unique physical and chemical properties, making them valuable across various fields. However, limited information exists regarding their effects on genomic DNA integrity and their potential to induce apoptosis in normal and cancerous human cell lines. This study thus aimed to evaluate the impact of Ca(OH)NPs on cell viability, genomic DNA integrity, and oxidative stress induction in human normal skin fibroblasts (HSF) and cancerous hepatic (HepG2) cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetab Brain Dis
January 2025
Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, 900, Rue Saint-Denis - Pavillon R, R08.422, Montréal (Québec), H2X 0A9, Canada.
Sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are complications of chronic liver disease (CLD), which negatively impact clinical outcomes. Hyperammonemia is considered to be the central component in the pathogenesis of HE, however ammonia's toxic effects have also been shown to impinge on extracerebral organs including the muscle. Our aim was to investigate the effect of attenuating hyperammonemia with ornithine phenylacetate (OP) on muscle mass loss and associated molecular mechanisms in rats with CLD.
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