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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.104112066 | DOI Listing |
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Dynamic subtype- and context-specific subcellular RNA regulation in growth cones of developing neurons of the cerebral cortex.
bioRxiv
January 2024
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how long-range projection neurons in the cerebral cortex regulate RNA localization and translation in their growth cones, which are the tips of growing axons.
- By comparing the transcriptomes of two types of projection neurons, it uncovers both unique and shared mechanisms that relate to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
- The research identifies specific RNA-binding proteins, like CPEB4 and RBMS1, that play crucial roles in RNA regulation, which is essential for proper circuit formation and has implications for understanding related disorders.
Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors.
Part Fibre Toxicol
May 2022
711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA.
Background: Since the introduction of copper based, lead-free frangible (LFF) ammunition to Air Force small arms firing ranges, instructors have reported symptoms including chest tightness, respiratory irritation, and metallic taste. These symptoms have been reported despite measurements determining that instructor exposure does not exceed established occupational exposure limits (OELs). The disconnect between reported symptoms and exposure limits may be due to a limited understanding of LFF firing byproducts and subsequent health effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive characterization of firing byproducts generated from small arms firing of lead-free frangible ammunition.
J Occup Environ Hyg
March 2022
711th Human Performance Wing, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio.
Following the introduction of lead-free frangible ammunition in United States Air Force small arms firing ranges, Combat Arms instructors have routinely reported experiencing adverse health symptoms during live fire training exercises, including sore throat, cough, and headache. Previous studies have found that these symptoms occur despite occupational exposure limits not being exceeded. To better characterize the potential source and mechanisms for health symptoms, a comprehensive characterization of the physicochemical properties of gases and aerosols emitted during the firing of the M9 pistol and M4 rifle using lead-free frangible ammunition was completed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal subtype-specific growth cone and soma purification from mammalian CNS via fractionation and fluorescent sorting for subcellular analyses and spatial mapping of local transcriptomes and proteomes.
Nat Protoc
February 2022
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
During neuronal development, growth cones (GCs) of projection neurons navigate complex extracellular environments to reach distant targets, thereby generating extraordinarily complex circuitry. These dynamic structures located at the tips of axonal projections respond to substrate-bound as well as diffusible guidance cues in a neuronal subtype- and stage-specific manner to construct highly specific and functional circuitry. In vitro studies of the past decade indicate that subcellular localization of specific molecular machinery in GCs underlies the precise navigational control that occurs during circuit 'wiring'.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubcellular transcriptomes and proteomes of developing axon projections in the cerebral cortex.
Nature
January 2019
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
The development of neural circuits relies on axon projections establishing diverse, yet well-defined, connections between areas of the nervous system. Each projection is formed by growth cones-subcellular specializations at the tips of growing axons, encompassing sets of molecules that control projection-specific growth, guidance, and target selection. To investigate the set of molecules within native growth cones that form specific connections, here we developed growth cone sorting and subcellular RNA-proteome mapping, an approach that identifies and quantifies local transcriptomes and proteomes from labelled growth cones of single projections in vivo.
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