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Fiber- and acetate-mediated modulation of MHC-II expression on intestinal epithelium protects from Clostridioides difficile infection.
Cell Host Microbe
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address:
Here, we explore the relationship between dietary fibers, colonic epithelium major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression, and immune cell interactions in regulating susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We find that a low-fiber diet increases MHC-II expression in the colonic epithelium, which, in turn, worsens CDI by promoting the development of pathogenic CD4 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The influence of dietary fibers on MHC-II expression is mediated by its metabolic product, acetate, and its receptor, free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEsophageal epithelial Ikkβ deletion promotes eosinophilic esophagitis in experimental allergy mouse model.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address:
Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic T2-associated inflammatory disorder triggered by food allergens, resulting in esophageal dysfunction through edema, fibrosis, and tissue remodeling. The role of epithelial remodeling in EoE pathogenesis is critical but not fully understood.
Objective: We investigated the role of epithelial IKKβ/NF-κB signaling in EoE pathogenesis using a mouse model with conditional Ikkβ knockout in esophageal epithelial cells (Ikkβ).
Interleukin-38-overexpressing adenovirus infection in dendritic cell-based treatment enhances immunotherapy for allergic asthma via inducing Foxp3 regulatory T cells.
Biomed Pharmacother
December 2024
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease tied to unusual immune reactions involving type 2 T helper (Th2) cells specific to allergens. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in guiding T-cell responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have the ability to suppress effector T-cell responses, and interleukin (IL)-38 is involved in Treg cell differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the interplay between infiltrated CD8 T resident memory cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer's disease.
J Neuroimmunol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; PB Immune Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the leading cause of dementia. Despite significant efforts, treatment strategies targeting amyloid-β have been less successful than anticipated. Recently, the role of neuroinflammation and adaptive immune response in AD pathogenesis has gained attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy and proteasomes in thymic epithelial cells: essential bulk protein degradation systems for immune homeostasis maintenance.
Front Immunol
November 2024
Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
The thymus is a central organ that controls T cell development. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) create a unique microenvironment essential for the differentiation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and self-tolerant T cells. TECs present a complex of self-peptides and MHC molecules (self-pMHCs) to immature T cells and regulate their survival and differentiation based on their affinity for self-pMHCs.
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