A gender-specific association of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist polymorphism with schizophrenia susceptibility.

Objective: Recent genetic studies have revealed that the interleukin (IL) 1 gene complex is associated with schizophrenia in the Caucasian population; however, data from the North African population are limited. To further assess the role of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1Ra) in schizophrenia, we examined a functional multiallelic polymorphism localised in intron 2 of this receptor gene associated with an altered level of IL1Ra.

Methods: In the present case-control study, we have analysed the (86 bp) n polymorphism of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene (RS 1794068) by polymerase chain reaction genotyping in 259 patients with schizophrenia and 178 healthy controls from the Tunisian population.

Results: We showed that the frequencies of the IL1RN*2/2 genotype and allele 2 were higher in the patient group compared with the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [13.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 10-3, odds ratio (OR) = 3.2% and 32.8% vs. 21.9%, p = 3 × 10-4, OR = 1.76, respectively). When we evaluated the association between this genetic polymorphism and the clinical variables of schizophrenia, we found that the frequencies of the 2/2 genotype and allele 2 were significantly higher in the male patient group (p = 10-4 and 10-5, respectively) compared with the male control group, indicating a substantially increased risk for sex-onset schizophrenia with inheritance of the IL1RN2 allele. When the association between the genotypes and outcome was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted OR for the IL1RN genotypes remained statistically significant [1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.73; p = 0.003].

Conclusion: The intron 2 polymorphism in IL1RN or a genetic polymorphism at proximity seems to be associated specifically with schizophrenia in the Tunisian male population.