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Engineered peptide-drug conjugate provides sustained protection of retinal ganglion cells with topical administration in rats.

J Control Release

October 2023

Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

Effective eye drop delivery systems for treating diseases of the posterior segment have yet to be clinically validated. Further, adherence to eye drop regimens is often problematic due to the difficulty and inconvenience of repetitive dosing. Here, we describe a strategy for topically dosing a peptide-drug conjugate to achieve effective and sustained therapeutic sunitinib concentrations to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of optic nerve injury.

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Background: The phase 3 clinical trial KEYNOTE-426 suggested a higher efficacy regarding overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of pembrolizumab+axitinib compared to sunitinib as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. In this analysis, the potential cost-effectiveness of this combination treatment versus sunitinib for patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (accRCC) was examined from the societal perspective in the Netherlands.

Methods: For this analysis, a partitioned survival model was constructed.

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New 3-substituted oxindole derivatives were designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents. The antiproliferative activity of compounds 6a-j was evaluated against 60 NCI cell lines. Among these tested compounds, compounds 6f and 6g showed remarkable antiproliferative activity, specifically against leukemia and breast cancer cell lines.

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Purpose: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have poor efficacy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we studied whether this is predominantly due to restricted blood-brain barrier penetration or more to biological characteristics of GBM.

Patients And Methods: Tumor drug concentrations of the TKI sunitinib after 2 weeks of preoperative treatment was determined in 5 patients with GBM and compared with its in vitro inhibitory concentration (IC50) in GBM cell lines.

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Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma are associated with poor prognosis. Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is taken orally on a traditional dosing schedule of 4-week on/2-week off cycles or an alternate dosing schedule of 2-week on/1-week off cycles.

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