The role of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis has been controversial. To gain insight into their respective roles, we developed a method for differentiating between microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages in the CNS by flow cytometry utilizing anti-CD44 antibodies. We used this system to monitor changes in cell number, activation status, and gene expression by RNA sequencing over the course of disease. This in vivo characterization and RNA-Seq dataset improves our understanding of macrophage biology in the brain under inflammatory conditions and may lead to strategies to identify therapies for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.014 | DOI Listing |
J Neuroimmunol
January 2025
Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), shaping tissue structure and functions as well as contributing to the pathology of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). ECM components, including fibulin-2 (FBLN2) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), may impact neuroinflammation and remyelination. We investigated the capacity of FBLN2 to modulate immune responses and evaluated its interaction with CSPGs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a common model for MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
The central nervous system (CNS) is endowed with its own resident innate immune cells, the microglia. They constitute approximately 10% of the total cells within the CNS parenchyma and act as 'sentinels', sensing and mitigating any deviation from homeostasis. Nevertheless, under severe acute or chronic neurological injury or disease, microglia are unable to contain the damage, and the reparative activity of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Immunol Immunother
January 2025
Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
The tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) of human central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains to be comprehensively deciphered. Here, we employed flow cytometry and RNA sequencing analysis for a deep data-driven dissection of a diverse TiME and to uncover noncanonical immune cell types in human CNS tumors by using seven tumors from five patients. Myeloid subsets comprised classical microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils, and two noncanonical myeloid subsets: CD3 myeloids and CD19 myeloids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Monocyte-derived macrophages and microglia initially adopt an anti-inflammatory phenotype following stroke but later transition to a pro-inflammatory state. The mechanisms underlying this phenotypic shift remain unclear. This study investigates the activation dynamics of molecular signaling pathways in macrophages and microglia after stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
January 2025
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
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