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Angiotensin 1-7 injected into the rat paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus increases blood pressure and heart rate via various receptors.
Neuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
Although angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) and its role as a part of the "protective" axis of the renin-angiotensin system are well described in the literature, the mechanisms of its angiotensin II-like pressor and tachycardic effects following its acute central administration are not fully understood. It was the aim of the present study to examine which receptors contribute to the aforementioned cardiovascular effects. Ang 1-7 and antagonists for glutamate, GABA, vasopressin, thromboxane A (TP), α-adrenergic, and P2X purinoceptors or modulators of oxidative stress were injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutamatergic neurons of basolateral amygdala mediate increased exploratory behaviors produced by mildly chronic restraint stress in adolescent mice.
Prog Neurobiol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China. Electronic address:
In response to stressors, individuals manifest varied behavioral responses directed toward satisfying physiological survival needs. Although the enduring effects of adolescent stress on both humans and animals are well-documented, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently elucidated. Utilizing immunofluorescence, viral injections, and brain slice electrophysiological recordings, we have delineated that heightened excitability among glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is responsible for inducing heightened exploratory behaviors in adolescent mice subjected to mild, chronic restraint stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling Glutamate Dynamics: Cognitive Demands in Human Short-Term Memory Learning Across Frontal and Parieto-Occipital Cortex: A Functional MRS Study.
J Biomed Phys Eng
December 2024
Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Eng., School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Background: Acquiring new knowledge necessitates alterations at the synaptic level within the brain. Glutamate, a pivotal neurotransmitter, plays a critical role in these processes, particularly in learning and memory formation. Although previous research has explored glutamate's involvement in cognitive functions, a comprehensive understanding of its real-time dynamics remains elusive during memory tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConversion of silent synapses to AMPA receptor-mediated functional synapses in human cortical organoids.
Neurosci Res
December 2024
Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Laboratory of Neural Information Processing, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; PRESTO/CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address:
Despite the crucial role of synaptic connections and neural activity in the development and organization of cortical circuits, the mechanisms underlying the formation of functional synaptic connections in the developing human cerebral cortex remain unclear. We investigated the development of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission using human cortical organoids (hCOs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Two-photon Ca⁺ imaging revealed an increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous activity in hCOs on day 80 compared to day 50.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTowards an Understanding of the Dentate Gyrus Hilus.
Hippocampus
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
For many years, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) was a mystery because anatomical data suggested a bewildering array of cells without clear organization. Moreover, some of the anatomical information led to more questions than answers. For example, it had been identified that one of the major cell types in the hilus, the mossy cell, innervates granule cells (GCs).
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