Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule with diverse biological roles. Various fluorescent probes for H2S with biological application have been developed. However, two-photon ratiometric imaging of mitochondrial H2S is scarce. In this paper, we report two ratiometric two-photon probes, AcHS-1 and AcHS-2, which employ 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide as the fluorophore and 4-azidobenzyl carbamate as the H2S response site. These probes exhibit high selectivity toward H2S over biothiols and other reactive species, low detection limits of 50-85 nM, low cytotoxicity, and high stability under physiological conditions. Furthermore, through cell imaging with one-photon and two-photon microscopy, MCF-7 cells incubated with two probes show a marked change in emission color from blue to green in response to H2S. Cell images costraining with a mitochondrial dye reveal that AcHS-2 is a mitochondria-specific two-photon probe for H2S. These results show that AcHS-2 may find useful applications in biological research such as tracking mitochondrial H2S in living biological specimens.
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