Validated internal controls are prerequisites to accurately normalize gene expression levels. Here, 14 candidate reference genes in Panax notoginseng were characterized. Primer specificity and amplification efficiency were evaluated for each gene. Candidates were subjected to transcript quantification in the root, fibrous root, rhizome, leaf, receptacle, pedicel, and fruit tissues. Expression stability (M value) and normalization factor variation (Vn/Vn+1) were determined by geNorm. 26S-2 and ACT-2 exhibited the highest expression stability among the tissues. Gene expression of dammarenediol synthase was accurately detected after normalization to 26S-2 and ACT-2 was performed. Results were consistent when each or both of 26S-2 and ACT-2 were applied as internal control. Hence, this study provides useful information to normalize gene expression accurately in the tissue-specific transcripts of P. notoginseng.
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Orthop Surg
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China.
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The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers enormous potential to decipher the biological and pathological heterogeneity in precious archival cancer tissues. Traditionally, these tissues have rarely been used and only examined at a low throughput, most commonly by histopathological staining. ST adds thousands of times as many molecular features to histopathological images, but critical technical issues and limitations require more assessment of how ST performs on fixed archival tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Evid Based Integr Med
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of kidney and liver damage. Current treatments have shown contradictory outcomes, and their long-term use causes unwanted side effects. could serve as a complementary medicine to current PCOS treatments.
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BGI Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
The amniote pallium, a vital component of the forebrain, exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions, including sensory processing, memory formation, and learning. However, the relationships among pallial subregions in different species remain poorly characterized, particularly regarding the identification of homologous neurons and their transcriptional signatures. In this study, we utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing to examine over 130 000 nuclei from the macaque ( ) neocortex, complemented by datasets from humans ( ), mice ( ), zebra finches ( ), turtles ( ), and lizards ( s), enabling comprehensive cross-species comparison.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZool Res
January 2025
Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. E-mail:
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting post-transcriptional regulation over target gene expression, thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune responses. is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to aquatic animal health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of sRNAs in .
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