A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 176

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Intracellular ATP does not inhibit Slo2.1 K+ channels. | LitMetric

Intracellular ATP does not inhibit Slo2.1 K+ channels.

Physiol Rep

Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research & Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Published: September 2014

AI Article Synopsis

  • The Slo2.1 K(+) channels typically have a low open probability under normal conditions but can increase in activity due to elevated sodium and chloride levels from ischemia or rapid cell pacing.
  • Initial research suggested that physiological levels of intracellular ATP inhibit these channels, but recent studies show this is not the case.
  • Experiments involving different ATP concentrations and mutant channels confirm that changes in intracellular ATP do not affect the activity of Slo2.1 channels, leading to the conclusion that they are not inhibited by ATP.

Article Abstract

Under normal physiological conditions, the open probability of Slo2.1 K(+) channels is low. Elevation of cytosolic [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)] caused by ischemia or rapid electrical pacing of cells increases the open probability of Slo2.1 channels and the resulting outward current can stabilize the resting state of cells. Initial characterization of heterologously expressed human Slo2.1 indicated that these channels were inhibited by physiological levels of intracellular ATP. However, a subsequent study found that intracellular ATP had no effect on Slo2.1 channels. Here, we re-examine the effects of intracellular ATP on cloned human Slo2.1 channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our studies provide both direct and indirect evidence that changes in intracellular [ATP] have no effect on Slo2.1 channels. First, we directly examined the effects of intracellular ATP on Slo2.1 channel activity in excised inside-out macropatches from Xenopus oocytes. Application of 5 mmol/L ATP to the intracellular solution did not inhibit Slo2.1 currents activated by niflumic acid. Second, we lowered the [ATP]i in whole oocytes using the metabolic inhibitor NaN3. Depletion of [ATP]i in oocytes by 3 mmol/L NaN3 rapidly activated heterologously expressed KATP channels, but did not increase wild-type Slo2.1 channel currents activated by niflumic acid or currents conducted by constitutively active mutant (E275D) Slo2.1 channels. Third, mutation of a conserved residue in the ATP binding consensus site in the C-terminal domain of the channel did not enhance the magnitude of Slo2.1 current as expected if binding to this site inhibited channel function. We conclude that Slo2.1 channels are not inhibited by intracellular ATP.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270230PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12118DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

slo21 channels
32
intracellular atp
24
slo21
13
heterologously expressed
12
channels
10
intracellular
8
inhibit slo21
8
open probability
8
probability slo21
8
human slo21
8

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!