The vascular endothelial glycocalyx contains several anionic sugars, one of which is a sialic acid attached to both N- and O-glycans. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), a member of the Ig superfamily that plays multiple roles in cell adhesion, mechanical stress sensing, antiapoptosis and angiogenesis, has recently been shown to recognize α2,6-sialic acid. In endothelial cells that lack α2,6-sialic acid because of sialyltransferase ST6Gal I deficiency, impairment of the homophilic PECAM interaction and PECAM-dependent cell survival signaling is observed. In this review, we will introduce part of the biological role of PECAM, and discuss how the lectin activity of PECAM is related to angiogenesis.
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