The unique linear linkage of isobutene to generate highly valuable C8 precursors for plasticizers is feasible by using special nickel catalysts. (4-Cyclooctene-1-yl)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-acetylacetonato)nickel and aluminum-alkyl-activated nickel acetylacetonates produce isobutene dimers with high selectivities of up to 95%. Moreover, selectivity for the head-to-head products (2,5-dimethylhexenes) is remarkably high at up to 99%. Additionally, novel C12 isobutene trimers are also formed with a very high selectivity of up to 99% for the linear linkage. The trimer structure (2,5,8-trimethylnonenes) reflects the stepwise characteristic of the reaction mechanism. Pathways of insertion and activation and the deactivation processes of the catalyst are discussed in detail.
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