Revascularization in the early period after transplantation is the key to improving adipocyte survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known as the master regulator of angiogenesis. However, consensus is lacking regarding safe and efficient methods for applying VEGF in free fat transplantation in the clinical setting. We constructed calcium alginate (CA) microspheres loaded with VEGF to increase the survival of implanted adipocytes. BALB/c nude mice were used as adipose tissue transplantation receptors. Adipocytes were mixed with CA microspheres loaded with VEGF and implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of mice. Grafts were harvested at week 3, 6, and 12 after transplantation. We found that the mass and microvascular density of grafts in the VEGF+CA group (CA microspheres loaded with VEGF) were statistically higher than that of other groups in a time-dependent manner. We demonstrated that CA microspheres loaded with VEGF can significantly promote the fat graft neovascularization, thus improving adipocyte survival.
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